ABSTRACT
Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder (PMD) known to transform into oral cancer. One of the important hallmarks of malignant transformation is the uncontrolled growth rate, commonly reflected as increased cell proliferation which can be significantly detected by proliferative markers such as a high Ki?67 index. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the degree and pattern of expression of Ki67 in OSMF, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and in normal mucosal (NOM) patients and to correlate the Ki67 expression with clinical and histological grading of OSMF and OSCC patient. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross?sectional study was conducted over a duration of two years. An immunohistochemical study was performed for Ki76 expression on 35 cases of OSMF, 10 cases of OSCC and 10 normal mucosal patients. Statistical Analysis: Data were analysed using SPSS version 21. Chi?squared test was used to analyse the differences between the intensity levels in OSMF, OSCC and NOM. Results: Expression of Ki67 was significantly higher in OSMF than that of NOM samples but less than that of OSCC samples. Expression of Ki67 increased with increasing grade of clinical and histological stages. Conclusion: The study demonstrated a high incidence of Ki67 overexpression in OSMF and OSCC and showed a correlation between clinical and histological grading of OSMF and OSCC. Identification of high?risk oral PMDs and intervention at premalignant stages could constitute one of the key steps in reducing the mortality, morbidity and cost of treatment associated with malignant transformation of these diseases
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Background: Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency and late diagnosis and treatment can lead to neurological damage and death. For definitive diagnosis of meningitis, laboratory based CSF analysis is required which is based on microscopy, protein and sugar estimation. This requires laboratory set up with experienced pathologist and long turn around time. Hence urinary reagent strips as a semiquantitative method can be applied for CSF analysis. This method can be used where laboratory set up is not available as well as bedside test for early diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. The present prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the utility of urine reagent strips in rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. The aim of the present was to evaluate the role of urine reagent strips in the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in suspected cases of meningitis.Methods: The prospective study was carried out in the department of pathology in a tertiary care centre for a period of 6 months from September 2018 to February 2019. CSF analysis of suspected cases of meningitis was done with urine reagent strip as well as with standard laboratory method. The results of both were compared.Results: Out of 79 cases of meningitis, 68.35% cases were of bacterial meningitis. The specificity and sensitivity of CSF analysis with reagent strip was 93.33% and 82.35% respectively, for cell count, 94.4% and 88.2% respectively for proteins and 91.3% and 60.2% respectively for glucose.Conclusions: Semiquantitative analysis of CSF sample with urine reagent strips helps in rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis and can be useful to facilitate therapeutic decisions in resource constrained settings.
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Introduction: Breast carcinoma is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in females. This study was undertaken with the aims and objectives to look into the spectrum of various gross and microscopic histomorphological factors of invasive breast carcinoma. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study, only patients diagnosed with Invasive breast carcinoma-NST from 2007-2015 (8years) were included. MRM specimen’s gross and microscopic finding were collected and studied. Results: Total 257 cases were studied; maximum patients were in fifth decade, multiparous and from middle socio-economic status. Left sided carcinoma was seen in 59% cases and 41% were in UOQ. Nipple-areola was found normal in 63.2% cases and retracted in 37.6% patients. Similarly overlying skin was normal in 67.3% cases, dimpling and peau-d-orange was present in 11.3% and 9.5% respectively. ER/PR positive was found in 44.7% and negative in 49.8% while HER2 was found negative in 70.8% cases. Conclusion: in developing countries patients invariably presents with advance stages of breast carcinoma with dimpling, peau-d-orange of skin, nipple retraction and ulceration. In majority of patients tumour sizes is invariably more than 2 cm and already have positive axillary lymph nodes, tumour emboli and majority have negative ER/PR
ABSTRACT
Today’s transfusion medicine practice aims at providing the specific component of the blood required; this process of transfusing only the portion of the blood needed by the patient is called blood component therapy. Transfusion of whole blood has become a rarity now except in certain situations. Blood component therapy has become an integral part of treatment of many diseases in all fields of medicine.1 In many nations whole blood transfusion is reduced and instead whole blood is separated in to components. These components are then used separately, as indicated in according to patient’s need. It is important to study the pattern of utilization of blood and blood components in the hospital. It helps to find out trend of usage which decreased the cost of treatment, reduce wastage of blood components and improves the infrastructure for storage of blood components for future.
ABSTRACT
A 58 years old male came with a painful swelling in right gluteal region. On examination a small mass was found which was subsequently excised. Histopathological study reported presence of presumptive schwannomatosis, as there were 4 tumours composed of Antoni A and Antoni B areas along with Verocay bodies. As post-operative MRI scan of base of brain and ophthalmological examination of patient failed to reveal vestibular schwannomas and ocular stigmata of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF-2) respectively, a final diagnosis of definite schwannomatosis was made.